Which antidote sodium thiosulphate is A?
Sodium thiocyanate is a classical antidote to cyanide poisoning, For this purpose it is used after the medication sodium nitrite and typically only recommended for severe cases. It is given by injection into a vein. In this use, sodium nitrite creates methemoglobinemia which removes cyanide from mitochondria.
Is sodium thiosulfate used in cyanide poisoning?
Although sodium thiosulfate is considered an ineffective antidote for acute cyanide toxicity because of poor intracellular penetration, slow onset of effect, a short half-life, and limited distribution volume, it is often used in conjunction with other rapid-acting antidotes.
Why sodium thiosulphate is used in cyanide poisoning?
Sodium thiosulfate acts as a sulfur donor in the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate through rhodanese [11]. It has poor penetration into the mitochondria, which is the site of action, causing slow onset [9].
Which antidote used in cyanide poisoning is?
Antidotes to cyanide include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate. Sodium thiosulfate may be given in combination with sodium nitrite or hydroxocobalamin, or may be given alone.
How is sodium thiosulfate excreted?
The volume of distribution of sodium thiosulfate is 150 mL/kg. Most of the thiosulfate is oxidized to sulfate or is incorporated into endogenous sulphur compounds; a small proportion is excreted through the kidneys. Approximately 20-50% of exogenously administered thiosulfate is eliminated unchanged via the kidneys.
What does an antidote do?
Antidotes are agents that negate the effect of a poison or toxin. Antidotes mediate its effect either by preventing the absorption of the toxin, by binding and neutralizing the poison, antagonizing its end-organ effect, or by inhibition of conversion of the toxin to more toxic metabolites.
Is sodium thiosulfate antidote?
The combination of sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrite has been used in the United States since the 1930s as the primary antidote for cyanide intoxication.
What is universal antidote?
Purpose of review: For decades, activated charcoal has been used as a ‘universal antidote’ for the majority of poisons because of its ability to prevent the absorption of most toxic agents from the gastrointestinal tract and enhance the elimination of some agents already absorbed.
Is sodium thiosulfate a reducing agent?
Sodium thiosulphate which is a known reducing agent and often used to control the reductive-oxidative properties of the sulphide mineral surface during flotation, was studied for its influence on a copper-nickel ore and established that sodium thio sulphate possessed reducing properties and prevented the formation of …
What is physical antidote?
5.1 Mechanical or Physical Antidotes These are the substances that neutralize the poison and they also help stop the absorption of poison in the body. They are further sub-grouped as following based on their functions; a) Activated charcoal.
How is antidote administered?
Antidotes for anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as reversal agents. The antidotes for some particular toxins are manufactured by injecting the toxin into an animal in small doses and extracting the resulting antibodies from the host animals’ blood.
What do you use sodium thiosulfate for?
Sodium thiosulfate (Intravenous) Uses for sodium thiosulfate. Sodium thiosulfate may be used to lessen some of the side effects of cisplatin (a cancer medicine). Before using sodium thiosulfate. In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. Proper use of sodium thiosulfate. Sodium thiosulfate side effects.
What is the use of sodium thiosulphate in iodometry?
The term “iodometry” describes the type of titration that uses a standardised sodium thiosulfate solution as the titrant, one of the few stable reducing agents where oxidisation of air is concerned. Iodometry is used to determine the concentration of oxidising agents through an indirect process involving iodine as the intermediary.
Is sodium thiosulphate soluble?
Sodium thiosulfate appears as white, translucent crystals. It is soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, absorbed in moist air.