What is the structure of the B1 form of aflatoxin?
Aflatoxin B1 | C17H12O6 – PubChem.
What contains aflatoxin B1?
Aflatoxin B1 is a common contaminant in a variety of foods including peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains; as well as animal feeds. Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic aflatoxin and it is highly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans.
What is aflatoxin B1 used for?
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most potent carcinogens in foods, and it was postulated to account for the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high exposure areas.
What is the boiling point of aflatoxin B1?
528.15 °C.
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow crystals or powder (est) |
|---|---|
| Melting Point: | 268.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| Boiling Point: | 528.15 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| Flash Point: | 460.00 °F. TCC ( 237.70 °C. ) (est) |
| logP (o/w): | 2.039 (est) |
What happens if you eat aflatoxins?
Large doses of aflatoxins lead to acute poisoning (aflatoxicosis) that can be life threatening, usually through damage to the liver. Outbreaks of acute liver failure (jaundice, lethargy, nausea, death), identified as aflatoxicosis, have been observed in human populations since the 1960s.
How do you measure aflatoxin B1?
The most commonly used chromatography techniques for analysis of aflatoxins are thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC).
What is the most toxic aflatoxin?
Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin M1 is present in the fermentation broth of Aspergillus parasiticus, but it and aflatoxin M2 are also produced when an infected liver metabolizes aflatoxin B1 and B2.
How do you remove aflatoxin?
The most common way to remove AFB1 using physical methods is to heat and use gamma rays. Aflatoxins are highly thermostable. Studies have shown that AFB1 levels are significantly reduced by heating at 100 and 150°C for 90 minutes, respectively, at 41.9 and 81.2%.
Should I worry about aflatoxins?
An aspergillus infection can weaken the plants enough to reduce crop yield, which is a concern for the farmers. Chronic aflatoxin exposure can lead to liver damage or liver cancer, especially in individuals with pre-existing conditions such as a Hepatitis B infection.
What does aflatoxin look like?
Aflatoxin is a naturally occurring toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. The fungus can be recognized by a gray-green or yellow-green mold growing on corn kernels in the field or in storage (Figure 1).
How many types of aflatoxin are there?
four
Aflatoxins are produced primarily by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. There are four main types of aflatoxins: B1, B2, G1, and G2.
Should I worry about aflatoxin?
What is the role of aflatoxin B1 in the body?
Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta [c]furo [3′,2′:4,5]furo [2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. It has a role as a human metabolite and a carcinogenic agent. It is an aflatoxin, an aromatic ether and an aromatic ketone.
Is there a carcinogenic effect of aflatoxin M1?
The potency of aflatoxin M1 appears to be so low in HBsAg- individuals that a carcinogenic effect of M1 intake in those who consume large quantities of milk and milk products in comparison with non-consumers of these products would be impossible to demonstrate.
Which is the most hepatocarcinogenic aflatoxin or alflatoxin?
Alflatoxin B1 is the most hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic of the aflatoxins and occurs as a contaminant in a variety of foods. Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta [c]furo [3′,2′:4,5]furo [2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.
How much aflatoxin is in a kilogram of food?
The consumption of food containing aflatoxin concentrations of 1 mg/kg or higher has been suspected to cause aflatoxicosis. Based on past outbreaks it has been estimated that, when consumed over a period of 1–3 weeks, an AFB1 dose of 20–120 μg/kg bw per day (µgram is one billionth [1×10−9] of a kilogram) is acutely toxic and potentially lethal.