What is haustral fold?

The haustral folds (Latin: haustrum, plural: haustra) represent folds of mucosa within the colon. The haustra refer to the small segmented pouches of bowel separated by the haustral folds. They are formed by circumferential contraction of the inner muscular layer of the colon.

What are epiploic appendages?

Epiploic appendages are small outpouchings of fat-filled, serosa-covered structures present on the external surface of the colon projecting into the peritoneal cavity. Each appendage encloses small branches of the circular artery and vein that supply the corresponding segment of the colon.

What is haustral fold thickening?

When haustral folds are significantly thickened and protrude into the bowel lumen, they can trap the positive oral contrast material, an appearance known as the “accordion sign”. This sign suggests the diagnosis, although it may also occur from other causes of colitis [26].

Which structure has haustra and epiploic appendages?

The wall of the large intestine has a thick mucosal layer, and deeper and more abundant mucus-secreting glands that facilitate the smooth passage of feces. There are three features that are unique to the large intestine: teniae coli, haustra, and epiploic appendages.

What does haustra mean?

What are the folds in the large intestine called?

Also called a plica circulare, a circular fold is a deep ridge in the mucosa and submucosa. Beginning near the proximal part of the duodenum and ending near the middle of the ileum, these folds facilitate absorption.

Is epiploic appendagitis rare?

Epiploic appendagitis is an uncommon clinical entity that is caused by ischemic infarction of an epiploic appendage due to torsion or thrombosis of the central draining vein [1]. The clinical manifestations include acute abdominal pain, most commonly in the left lower quadrant.

What does fat stranding on a CT scan mean?

Fat stranding refers to an abnormal increased attenuation in fat, (in the mesentery, omentum, retroperitoneum, or subcutaneous fat). The underlying pathophysiologic process is increased edema and engorgement of lymphatics. Abdominal fat stranding can produce various appearances.

What is a haustra mean?

What is the structure that eggs sperm urine and wastes all empty into?

Cloaca
The organ that is the first major site of chemical digestion: the stomach. Eggs, sperm, urine, and wastes all empty into this structure: The Cloaca.

What does loss of haustra mean?

Clinical significance Widespread loss of haustra is a sign of chronic ulcerative colitis. Localized ahaustral distended colon can be seen on abdominal x-ray during obstruction or volvulus.

What do you need to know about epiploic appendages?

Shilpa Grover, MD, MPH, AGAF. Epiploic appendages are normal outpouchings of peritoneal fat on the anti-mesenteric surface of the colon. Epiploic appendagitis is a benign and self-limited condition [1,2]. Inaccurate diagnosis can lead to unnecessary hospitalizations, antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention [3-6].

What kind of stomach pain is epiploic appendagitis?

What is epiploic appendagitis? Epiploic appendagitis is a rare condition that causes intense stomach pain. It’s often mistaken for other conditions, such as diverticulitis or appendicitis. It happens when you lose blood flow to very small pouches of fat that are situated over the colon, or large intestine.

How does secondary epiploic appendagitis affect the blood flow?

Secondary epiploic appendagitis occurs when the tissue around the colon, or the colon itself, becomes infected or inflamed, like in diverticulitis or appendicitis. Any inflammation and swelling that changes the blood flow in and around the colon can change the blood flow

How big are the appendages of the colon?

Epiploic appendages or appendices epiploicae, are peritoneum lined globules of fat attached to the external surface of the colon via a vascular stalk. They contain 1-2 arterioles, a venule, and lymphatic channels or a very small lymph node. They are about 0.5-5 cm long, 1-2 cm thick, and about 50-100 in number.