How do the capillary endothelial cells in the glomerulus differ from other capillary endothelial cells?
Glomerular endothelial cells differ from most other endothelial cells in that they are extraordinarily flattened and highly fenestrated. In this differentiated form, they allow formation of glomerular ultrafiltrate at a prodigious rate.
How are glomerular capillaries different from regular capillaries?
Unlike systemic capillaries, which receive blood from high-resistance arterioles and drain to low-resistance venules, glomerular capillaries are connected in both ends to high-resistance arterioles: the afferent arteriole, and the efferent arteriole.
What is endothelial differentiation?
Endothelial cell (EC) differentiation from human adult stem cells (hASCs) Adult stem cells (ASCs), which are generally tissue-specific and can differentiate into cells of the tissue of origin, exist in fully developed tissues such as the bone marrow, dental pulp, and peripheral blood.
What is characteristic of the endothelial cells?
Endothelial cells form barrier between blood and smooth muscle cells, playing crucial role in regulation of vasomotorics, hemostasis, angiogenesis, inflammatory processes and immunology.
What cells are in the glomerulus?
The mature glomerulus contains four cell types: Parietal epithelial cells that form Bowman’s capsule, podocytes that cover the outermost layer of the glomerular filtration barrier, glycocalyx-coated fenestrated endothelial cells that are in direct contact with blood, and mesangial cells that sit between the capillary …
What is the main function of glomerular capillaries?
The glomerular capillaries are the barrier to distribution of large plasma proteins into urine. Large proteins such as albumin and IgM are impeded by the capillaries whereas smaller proteins pass through the filtration barrier into the tubular fluid.
What is the function of peritubular capillaries?
In the renal system, peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron.
How can you distinguish stem cells?
Stem cell differentiation involves the changing of a cell to a more specialized cell type, involving a switch from proliferation to specialization. This involves a succession of alterations in cell morphology, membrane potential, metabolic activity and responsiveness to certain signals.