Why is clathrates called cage compound?
The word clathrate is derived from the Latin clathratus (clatratus), meaning ‘with bars, latticed’. According to IUPAC, clathrates are inclusion compounds “in which the guest molecule is in a cage formed by the host molecule or by a lattice of host molecules.”
What are cage molecules?
A caged molecule is an inert but photosensitive molecule that is transformed by photolysis into a biologically active molecule at high speed (typically 1 msec). The process is referred to as photorelease.
What is a cage complex?
Coordination complexes can be used as “nano-laboratories” for synthesis, and to isolate interesting intermediates. The inclusion complexes of a guest inside a coordination cage show intriguing chemistry as well; often, the properties of the cage will change depending on the guest.
What are clathrate compounds give examples?
clathrate A compound in which molecules of one substance, commonly a noble gas, are completely enclosed within the crystal structure of another substance. Typical examples are Kr and Xe encapsulated in zeolite structures, or Ar, Kr, and Xe trapped in water ice.
Is used to make clathrate compounds?
carbon dioxide—form crystalline hydrates called clathrate compounds at relatively low temperatures and pressures. Clathrate crystals have a structure in which the water molecules form a loosely held framework surrounding the gas molecule.
How are clathrate compounds formed?
THE clathrate type of molecular compound is formed by the imprisonment of one sort of molecule in some kind of cage structure of the other component. In the compound the molecular component M is trapped during formation of the cage C from molecules or other complexes which exist in the same solution with it.
Does ice has open cage like structure?
Why does ice float over water? In ice (solid state), a water molecule is associated with four other water molecules through hydrogen bonding in a tetrahedral manner. This gives rise to open cage-like structure which prevents the close packing of molecules (lower density).
What is caged metal?
A cage is a structure of wire or metal bars in which birds or animals are kept.
How is clathrate formed?
Clathrate is defined as a substance forming a specific crystal structure with holes of appropriate size inside the three-dimensional structure formed by bonding of atoms or molecules, in which other atoms or molecules exist at a fixed composition ratio.
What is the use of clathrate compounds?
Clathrate compound technology is a technique used to integrate certain “guest” molecules into a group of regular or porous “host” molecules at a certain composition ratio, thus creating a clathrate compound with a specific crystalline structure.
Why ice has a cage like structure?
X-ray studies have shown that in ice, four hydrogen atoms tetrahedrally surround each oxygen atom, in such a way that two hydrogen atoms are linked to oxygen atom by covalent bonds (These lie closer to the oxygen atom at a distance of 1.00 anstrom.)
Is ice a hydrogen bond?
In the solid state (ice), intermolecular interactions lead to a highly ordered but loose structure in which each oxygen atom is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms; two of these hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to the oxygen atom, and the two others (at longer distances) are hydrogen bonded to the oxygen atom’s …
How does a coordination cage work in chemistry?
Coordination cage. Coordination cages are three-dimensional ordered structures in solution that act as hosts in host–guest chemistry. They are self-assembled in solution from organometallic precursors, and often rely solely on noncovalent interactions rather than covalent bonds.
What kind of ligands are used in a coordination cage?
The linking ligands are either equatorial or axial: equatorial ligands are small polycarboxylato anions, and axial linkers are usually rigid aromatic structures. Axial and equatorial ligands may be used separately or in combination, depending on the desired cage structure. Many varieties of coordination cages exist.
How are inclusion complexes in a coordination cage different?
The inclusion complexes of a guest inside a coordination cage show intriguing chemistry as well; often, the properties of the cage will change depending on the guest. Coordination complexes are molecular moieties, so they are distinct from clathrates and metal-organic frameworks .
How is a coordination cage different from a clathrate?
Coordination cage. The inclusion complexes of a guest inside a coordination cage show intriguing chemistry as well; often, the properties of the cage will change depending on the guest. Coordination complexes are molecular moieties, so they are distinct from clathrates and metal-organic frameworks .